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                    <h1 class="text-body-emphasis" ><span data-i18n="5f5a318f1f350167092d98b71aa1609e255c3c18b76027cdd8eea225e74ba0b8/73" data-source="gittutorial" onmousemove="i18n(this)">gittutorial</span></h1> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_name"><span data-i18n="dcd1d5223f73b3a965c07e3ff5dbee3eedcfedb806686a05b9b3868a2c3d6d50/3a" data-source="Name" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Name</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="23da43c022b56efa3ae0f06a50faf268be7930e8ff63ac92fd67de9523d899d3/04" data-source="gittutorial - A tutorial introduction to Git" onmousemove="i18n(this)">gittutorial &mdash; &vcy;&vcy;&ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ocy;&iecy; &rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;  Git</span></p> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_synopsis"><span data-i18n="8eb3755381519d7f0479d75446e56e20084834c0460d7ec94926932372ea6c47/0d" data-source="Synopsis" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Synopsis</span></h2> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-undefined">git *</pre> </div> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_description"><span data-i18n="526e0087cc3f254d9f86f6c7d8e23d954c4dfda2b312efc29194ae8a860106ba/d3" data-source="Description" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Description</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="16450bc680104a0e1a2091fea5346ff80d15cc5a42ae6f4d59b2acb0c849054d/86" data-source="This tutorial explains how to import a new project into Git, make changes to it, and share changes with other developers." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&yacy;&scy;&ncy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy;, &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &icy;&mcy;&pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy; &vcy; Git, &vcy;&ncy;&ocy;&scy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &vcy; &ncy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &icy; &dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy;&scy;&yacy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;&mcy;&icy; &scy; &dcy;&rcy;&ucy;&gcy;&icy;&mcy;&icy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&tcy;&chcy;&icy;&kcy;&acy;&mcy;&icy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="18af14e1c3abb991fe6c6043c38670b232d848fbd0bea89f4ebd0ccc1a325473/87" data-source="If you are instead primarily interested in using Git to fetch a project, for example, to test the latest version, you may prefer to start with the first two chapters of &lt;a href=&quot;user-manual&quot;&gt;The Git User&amp;rsquo;s Manual&lt;/a&gt;." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &vcy;&ycy; &vcy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ucy;&yucy; &ocy;&chcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&softcy; &zcy;&acy;&icy;&ncy;&tcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&scy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ycy; &vcy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&icy;  Git  &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;, &ncy;&acy;&pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;, &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &tcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ncy;&iecy;&jcy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&icy;, &vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &ncy;&acy;&chcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ycy;&khcy; &dcy;&vcy;&ucy;&khcy; &gcy;&lcy;&acy;&vcy;  <a href="user-manual.html">The Git User&rsquo;s Manual</a> .</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="7db1325b57a9aba14e958a7dd50338efde69afc14ce5896d13882504d5e2ae46/e1" data-source="First, note that you can get documentation for a command such as &lt;code&gt;git log --graph&lt;/code&gt; with:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy;&ocy;-&pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ycy;&khcy;, &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &dcy;&ocy;&kcy;&ucy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&yucy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&jcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&ycy;, &kcy;&acy;&kcy;  <code>git log --graph</code> , &scy; &pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ocy;&shchcy;&softcy;&yucy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-lua">$ man git-<span class="hljs-built_in">log</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="533fd7aab37e48dc1810d2032762d442ac4268c29affe636695ae0b0d22e803b/ee" data-source="or:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">or:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">git <span class="hljs-built_in">help</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span></span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="2a8422a915fa77809e49cf285a57ae4117973f16270cb3eceeb1a2fbcc187823/56" data-source="With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see &lt;a href=&quot;git-help&quot;&gt;git-help[1]&lt;/a&gt; for more information." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy; &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ncy;&iecy;&mcy; &scy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&acy;&iecy; &vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &rcy;&ucy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&mcy;&ocy;&tcy;&rcy;&shchcy;&icy;&kcy; &pcy;&ocy; &vcy;&acy;&shcy;&iecy;&mcy;&ucy; &vcy;&ycy;&bcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ucy;; &dcy;&ocy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy; &icy;&ncy;&fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&yucy; &scy;&mcy;. &vcy;  <a href="git-help.html">git-help[1]</a> .</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="25812e9c1f50cbccbae6ab84918c55bb0d72ed6dcd928fc4b04c7dc2f33cf2f2/f6" data-source="It is a good idea to introduce yourself to Git with your name and public email address before doing any operation. The easiest way to do so is:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy; &vcy;&ycy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;&mcy; &kcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&jcy;-&lcy;&icy;&bcy;&ocy; &ocy;&pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; &rcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&dcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy;&scy;&yacy;  Git , &ucy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&acy;&vcy; &scy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy; &icy;&mcy;&yacy; &icy; &acy;&dcy;&rcy;&iecy;&scy; &ecy;&lcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &pcy;&ocy;&chcy;&tcy;&ycy;  public . &Scy;&acy;&mcy;&ycy;&jcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&jcy; &scy;&pcy;&ocy;&scy;&ocy;&bcy; &scy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-lua">$ git <span class="hljs-built_in">config</span> <span class="hljs-comment" title="--global user.name &quot;Your Name Comes Here&quot;">--global user.name  &quot;Your Name Comes Here&quot;</span>
$ git <span class="hljs-built_in">config</span> <span class="hljs-comment">--global user.email <a href="https://runebook.dev/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="1c6573695c6573696e7873717d75723279647d716c7079327f7371">[email&#160;protected]</a></span></pre> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_importing_a_new_project"><span data-i18n="70b56749fe5621d829df5cd39e82b1454f384e8f0734d87e558db8d4e7d465e1/58" data-source="Importing a new project" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Icy;&mcy;&pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&tcy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="dcb2a0bbc1ecd616d96c3b86a7954c9bde33f9e9f53bc670561e733b1742646e/eb" data-source="Assume you have a tarball &lt;code&gt;project.tar.gz&lt;/code&gt; with your initial work. You can place it under Git revision control as follows." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&icy;&mcy;, &ucy; &vcy;&acy;&scy; &iecy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &acy;&rcy;&khcy;&icy;&vcy;  <code>project.tar.gz</code>  &scy; &vcy;&acy;&shcy;&iecy;&jcy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ocy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&jcy;. &Vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&dcy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&jcy;  Git  &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&mcy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&mcy;.</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">tar xzf project.tar.gz</span>
<span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> project</span>
<span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">git init</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="016c95603f42692ab3b69f1fb84f4731917da43aaba9ebb33b7d0a5d8d02d572/73" data-source="Git will reply" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Git  &ocy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-php">Initialized <span class="hljs-keyword">empty</span> Git repository in .git/</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="81012055317177cc3834167ddc5a358f81dd15ee10166cf340e2092e6528db2d/a8" data-source="You&amp;rsquo;ve now initialized the working directory&amp;mdash;&amp;ZeroWidthSpace;you may notice a new directory created, named &lt;code&gt;.git&lt;/code&gt;." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Tcy;&iecy;&pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&softcy; &vcy;&ycy; &icy;&ncy;&icy;&tscy;&icy;&acy;&lcy;&icy;&zcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&lcy;&icy; &rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&chcy;&icy;&jcy; &kcy;&acy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&ocy;&gcy; &mdash; &vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &zcy;&acy;&mcy;&iecy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &scy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&acy;&ncy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &kcy;&acy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&ocy;&gcy; &scy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&mcy;  <code>.git</code> .</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="4665f163d1d0d85fd913a8bba1e3df44ae8c337234ed38e25a1584a14da2ff01/57" data-source="Next, tell Git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the current directory (note the &lt;code&gt;.&lt;/code&gt;), with &lt;code&gt;git add&lt;/code&gt;:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy; &scy;&kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;  Git  &scy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy;&kcy; &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy;&khcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy; &vcy; &tcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&mcy; &kcy;&acy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&ocy;&gcy;&iecy; (&ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &ncy;&acy;  <code>.</code> ), &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&yacy;  <code>git add</code> :</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-csharp">$ git <span class="hljs-keyword">add</span> .</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="99150fb837d052724887f9f214372564a7f30547ffc3504be80a5c4496b7f656/35" data-source="This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which Git calls the &amp;quot;index&amp;quot;. You can permanently store the contents of the index in the repository with &lt;code&gt;git commit&lt;/code&gt;:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&tcy; &scy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy;&kcy; &tcy;&iecy;&pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&softcy; &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy;&ocy; &vcy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&mcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&ucy;&tcy;&ocy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &ocy;&bcy;&lcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&icy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ucy;&yucy;  Git  &ncy;&acy;&zcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;  &quot;index&quot; . &Vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&yacy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy; &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy;&iecy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&acy; &vcy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&icy; &scy; &pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ocy;&shchcy;&softcy;&yucy;  <code>git commit</code> :</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git commit</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="ce1892b0c466d56fbf7b920147ded67ba2d395afb1537ad349f6e29d9c6e3e27/63" data-source="This will prompt you for a commit message. You&amp;rsquo;ve now stored the first version of your project in Git." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&icy;&tcy; &vcy;&acy;&mcy; &scy;&ocy;&ocy;&bcy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &ocy; &fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy;. &Tcy;&iecy;&pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&softcy; &vcy;&ycy; &scy;&ocy;&khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&lcy;&icy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ucy;&yucy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&yucy; &scy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy; &vcy; Git.</span></p> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_making_changes"><span data-i18n="cc1dca8fe87d8f3fa19f20fb590dbf1f159e7a34a90d2b632510855374e6d28c/a9" data-source="Making changes" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Making changes</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="5ce11cddb160a35dbb2c739443e9bbe29319e6db5c8f347f07981b4fd8dfdc72/39" data-source="Modify some files, then add their updated contents to the index:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &ncy;&iecy;&kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&iecy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ycy;, &acy; &zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy; &dcy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy;&vcy;&softcy;&tcy;&iecy; &icy;&khcy; &ocy;&bcy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&iecy; &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy;&iecy; &vcy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-csharp">$ git <span class="hljs-keyword">add</span> file1 file2 file3</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="2f8b9854cc536a29395d38982b3e4864e2587b40315bdb59b1c8623276940569/0f" data-source="You are now ready to commit. You can see what is about to be committed using &lt;code&gt;git diff&lt;/code&gt; with the &lt;code&gt;--cached&lt;/code&gt; option:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Tcy;&iecy;&pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&softcy; &vcy;&ycy; &gcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy; &vcy;&zcy;&yacy;&tcy;&softcy; &ncy;&acy; &scy;&iecy;&bcy;&yacy; &ocy;&bcy;&yacy;&zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&acy;. &Vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &ucy;&vcy;&icy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy; &zcy;&acy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ocy;, &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&yacy;  <code>git diff</code>  &scy; &ocy;&pcy;&tscy;&icy;&iecy;&jcy;  <code>--cached</code> :</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-lua">$ git diff <span class="hljs-comment">--cached</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="7498b002e71ab9ac713eac529b8a6931bfe7bb46d98c4a3a331c67c04e5d3018/b0" data-source="(Without &lt;code&gt;--cached&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;git diff&lt;/code&gt; will show you any changes that you&amp;rsquo;ve made but not yet added to the index.) You can also get a brief summary of the situation with &lt;code&gt;git status&lt;/code&gt;:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">(&Bcy;&iecy;&zcy;  <code>--cached</code> <code>git diff</code>  &pcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &vcy;&acy;&mcy; &lcy;&yucy;&bcy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&iecy; &vcy;&ycy; &vcy;&ncy;&iecy;&scy;&lcy;&icy;, &ncy;&ocy; &iecy;&shchcy;&iecy; &ncy;&iecy; &dcy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy;&vcy;&icy;&lcy;&icy; &vcy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;.) &Vcy;&ycy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &kcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&kcy;&ocy;&iecy; &ocy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &scy;&icy;&tcy;&ucy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; &scy;  <code>git status</code> :</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-yaml"><span class="hljs-string">$</span> <span class="hljs-string">git</span> <span class="hljs-string">status</span>
<span class="hljs-string">On</span> <span class="hljs-string">branch</span> <span class="hljs-string">master</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">Changes to be committed:</span>
  <span class="hljs-string">(use</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;git restore --staged &lt;file&gt;...&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-string">to</span> <span class="hljs-string">unstage)</span>

        <span class="hljs-attr">modified:</span>   <span class="hljs-string">file1</span>
        <span class="hljs-attr">modified:</span>   <span class="hljs-string">file2</span>
        <span class="hljs-attr">modified:</span>   <span class="hljs-string">file3</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="3f4d52bd147453ca2209ddf819ea33fb49f35a158d6b0cb26fca6704e30e5a30/31" data-source="If you need to make any further adjustments, do so now, and then add any newly modified content to the index. Finally, commit your changes with:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &vcy;&acy;&mcy; &ncy;&ucy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy; &vcy;&ncy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &kcy;&acy;&kcy;&icy;&iecy;-&lcy;&icy;&bcy;&ocy; &dcy;&ocy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;, &scy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&iecy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &scy;&iecy;&jcy;&chcy;&acy;&scy;, &acy; &zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy; &dcy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy;&vcy;&softcy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy; &vcy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&softcy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&iecy; &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy;&iecy;. &Ncy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&iecy;&tscy;, &zcy;&acy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&jcy;&tcy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &scy; &pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ocy;&shchcy;&softcy;&yucy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git commit</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="cbc2d8c42c93e7486956d1e6b4ccbab4e7680eef372be54d1295bb7554ceca31/28" data-source="This will again prompt you for a message describing the change, and then record a new version of the project." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Pcy;&rcy;&icy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &vcy;&acy;&mcy; &scy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy; &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ocy; &vcy;&vcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &scy;&ocy;&ocy;&bcy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &scy; &ocy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;&mcy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;, &acy; &zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ucy;&yucy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&yucy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="0f0b78f2fa7f1830167bceed3674c99cdd73ba78222d4869f5328612f4ed05de/9e" data-source="Alternatively, instead of running &lt;code&gt;git add&lt;/code&gt; beforehand, you can use" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Acy;&lcy;&softcy;&tcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ncy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&vcy;&ncy;&ocy;, &vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&vcy;&acy;&rcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&ucy;&scy;&kcy;&acy;  <code>git add</code> , &vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git commit -a</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="e69b878fce8b25dbf0cbc488debc9a4a4dc51eac4a2b439f94c4ca70737abd14/5d" data-source="which will automatically notice any modified (but not new) files, add them to the index, and commit, all in one step." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&jcy; &acy;&vcy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&icy; &ocy;&bcy;&ncy;&acy;&rcy;&ucy;&zhcy;&icy;&tcy; &lcy;&yucy;&bcy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; (&ncy;&ocy; &ncy;&iecy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&iecy;) &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ycy;, &dcy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy;&vcy;&icy;&tcy; &icy;&khcy; &vcy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy; &icy; &zcy;&acy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;, &icy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &zcy;&acy; &ocy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy; &shcy;&acy;&gcy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="07054222f272c4024e2032bd90594a46ad8a9c23d18a76afa1e8cd24d4808962/da" data-source="A note on commit messages: Though not required, it&amp;rsquo;s a good idea to begin the commit message with a single short (no more than 50 characters) line summarizing the change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description. The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used throughout Git. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;git-format-patch&quot;&gt;git-format-patch[1]&lt;/a&gt; turns a commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the body." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&chcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &ocy; &scy;&ocy;&ocy;&bcy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;&khcy; &ocy; &fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy;: &KHcy;&ocy;&tcy;&yacy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &icy; &ncy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&yacy;&zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;, &rcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&dcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &ncy;&acy;&chcy;&icy;&ncy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy;&ocy;&ocy;&bcy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &ocy; &fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; &scy; &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &kcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&tcy;&kcy;&ocy;&jcy; (&ncy;&iecy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&iecy;&iecy; 50 &scy;&icy;&mcy;&vcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy;) &scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&kcy;&icy;, &vcy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&jcy; &scy;&ucy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;, &zcy;&acy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&jcy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&ucy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&yacy; &scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;, &acy; &zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&iecy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&dcy;&rcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ncy;&ocy;&iecy; &ocy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;. &Tcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&tcy; &dcy;&ocy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ocy;&jcy; &pcy;&ucy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&jcy; &scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&kcy;&icy; &vcy; &scy;&ocy;&ocy;&bcy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&icy; &ocy; &fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&scy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;&rcy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &zcy;&acy;&gcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&kcy; &fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy;, &icy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&tcy; &zcy;&acy;&gcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&kcy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy;&ocy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy;&mcy; Git. &Ncy;&acy;&pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;,  <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch[1]</a>  &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy; &vcy; &ecy;&lcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&iecy; &pcy;&icy;&scy;&softcy;&mcy;&ocy; &icy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy; &zcy;&acy;&gcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&kcy; &vcy; &scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&kcy;&iecy; &laquo;&Tcy;&iecy;&mcy;&acy;&raquo;, &acy; &ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy; &chcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&acy; &mdash; &vcy; &tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&iecy;.</span></p> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_git_tracks_content_not_files"><span data-i18n="fc58a08a325697b01d78bee9cc66e6189b3d7ee22b15680a105d26554f5b2f58/a3" data-source="Git tracks content not files" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Git  &ocy;&tcy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&tcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;, &acy; &ncy;&iecy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ycy;</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="31f5d3ff061d2cff0430313dfa4944db22e4424e14d0187d0168dbb745ca759d/3b" data-source="Many revision control systems provide an &lt;code&gt;add&lt;/code&gt; command that tells the system to start tracking changes to a new file. Git&amp;rsquo;s &lt;code&gt;add&lt;/code&gt; command does something simpler and more powerful: &lt;code&gt;git add&lt;/code&gt; is used both for new and newly modified files, and in both cases it takes a snapshot of the given files and stages that content in the index, ready for inclusion in the next commit." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Mcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&icy;&iecy; &scy;&icy;&scy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy;&ycy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&lcy;&yacy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&jcy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&ucy;  <code>add</code> , &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&acy;&yacy; &scy;&ocy;&ocy;&bcy;&shchcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&icy;&scy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy;&iecy; &ncy;&acy;&chcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ocy;&tcy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &vcy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&mcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&iecy;. &Kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&acy; Git  <code>add</code>  &dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &ncy;&iecy;&chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&iecy;&iecy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&iecy; &icy; &mcy;&ocy;&shchcy;&ncy;&ocy;&iecy;:  <code>git add</code>  &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&khcy;, &tcy;&acy;&kcy; &icy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &vcy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&softcy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &icy; &vcy; &ocy;&bcy;&ocy;&icy;&khcy; &scy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&acy;&yacy;&khcy; &ocy;&ncy;&acy; &dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy;&kcy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy; &icy; &pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy;&iecy; &vcy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;, &gcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &vcy;&kcy;&lcy;&yucy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &vcy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&jcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;.</span></p> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_viewing_project_history"><span data-i18n="c454ae93af6a67981371188469884ce1009db14d96a8e73be6f637c2858dc92c/da" data-source="Viewing project history" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&mcy;&ocy;&tcy;&rcy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&icy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="d17aba7f8f4f0f33356f2fba04d55fd946e6698cad8f5745f5c979fbc95afc63/6d" data-source="At any point you can view the history of your changes using" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy; &lcy;&yucy;&bcy;&ocy;&jcy; &mcy;&ocy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy; &vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&mcy;&ocy;&tcy;&rcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yucy; &vcy;&acy;&shcy;&icy;&khcy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&jcy;, &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&yacy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">git <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span></span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="b13d14b7170b73019977c92e59a4fc47a4bd983a99bc0ff8199987d3b3d68dff/3e" data-source="If you also want to see complete diffs at each step, use" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &vcy;&ycy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &khcy;&ocy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy;&icy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&lcy;&icy;&chcy;&icy;&yacy; &ncy;&acy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ocy;&mcy; &ecy;&tcy;&acy;&pcy;&iecy;, &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&jcy;&tcy;&iecy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">git <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span> -p</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="d169e318b9c84791add3b15ea7be0374ad0c04ebe3b495e90760cf5596f409c0/0d" data-source="Often the overview of the change is useful to get a feel of each step" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&CHcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&zcy;&ocy;&rcy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&jcy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&iecy;&zcy;&iecy;&ncy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&chcy;&ucy;&vcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ycy;&jcy; &shcy;&acy;&gcy;.</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">git <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span> --<span class="hljs-built_in">stat</span> --summary</span></pre> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_managing_branches"><span data-i18n="ea0d4ae9b62abd83b24ee3beffdf457078cb8d33651df24d44f6d21ef2081622/fe" data-source="Managing branches" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Managing branches</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="8dc306067e0d5633d6f5afd2234767de6ba096f45b0743b1e634e1ebff83455f/d9" data-source="A single Git repository can maintain multiple branches of development. To create a new branch named &lt;code&gt;experimental&lt;/code&gt;, use" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ocy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&jcy;  Git  &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&ocy;&dcy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ncy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&jcy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&tcy;&kcy;&icy;. &CHcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &scy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ucy;&yucy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&ucy; &scy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&mcy;  <code>experimental</code> , &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&jcy;&tcy;&iecy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git branch experimental</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="4bfec097c2b3bfbbf6186dd7a0f43dd1957e5e5f2dd02194801f244d1dc60a64/2e" data-source="If you now run" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &vcy;&ycy; &scy;&iecy;&jcy;&chcy;&acy;&scy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&ucy;&scy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git branch</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="7069a9417705e3ef87a7d12419659fd694addeac4b0cda7c6636bba85a156e80/85" data-source="you&amp;rsquo;ll get a list of all existing branches:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&vcy;&ycy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &scy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&ocy;&kcy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy;&khcy; &scy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&khcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&jcy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-markdown">  experimental
<span class="hljs-bullet">*</span> master</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="178f1c12b5259788c8b3fc7de87a6933f546e48baa56ff2801e66d9581ba54ad/1c" data-source="The &lt;code&gt;experimental&lt;/code&gt; branch is the one you just created, and the &lt;code&gt;master&lt;/code&gt; branch is a default branch that was created for you automatically. The asterisk marks the branch you are currently on; type" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&acy;  <code>experimental</code>  &mdash; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &tcy;&acy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ucy;&yucy; &vcy;&ycy; &tcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &scy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&acy;&lcy;&icy;, &acy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&acy;  <code>master</code>  &mdash; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&acy; &pcy;&ocy; &ucy;&mcy;&ocy;&lcy;&chcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yucy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&acy;&yacy; &bcy;&ycy;&lcy;&acy; &scy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&acy;&ncy;&acy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &vcy;&acy;&scy; &acy;&vcy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&icy;. &Zcy;&vcy;&iecy;&zcy;&dcy;&ocy;&chcy;&kcy;&ocy;&jcy; &ocy;&tcy;&mcy;&iecy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&acy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&acy;, &vcy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&jcy; &vcy;&ycy; &scy;&iecy;&jcy;&chcy;&acy;&scy; &ncy;&acy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&scy;&softcy;; &tcy;&icy;&pcy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-cpp">$ git <span class="hljs-keyword">switch</span> experimental</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="64d19ceffdee1654fdc61bb75beefd4b1178bc8032bf626a9ddb89399e26dec3/78" data-source="to switch to the &lt;code&gt;experimental&lt;/code&gt; branch. Now edit a file, commit the change, and switch back to the &lt;code&gt;master&lt;/code&gt; branch:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&acy; &ncy;&acy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&ucy;  <code>experimental</code> . &Tcy;&iecy;&pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&softcy; &ocy;&tcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&acy;&kcy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&jcy;&tcy;&iecy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;, &zcy;&acy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&jcy;&tcy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &icy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&scy;&softcy; &kcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&iecy;  <code>master</code> :</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby">(edit file)
<span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git commit -a
<span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git switch master</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="979048c86aa450a8b73f7e5581c71f60313e7f85f4696b4b383ebeab10b4b84f/f3" data-source="Check that the change you made is no longer visible, since it was made on the &lt;code&gt;experimental&lt;/code&gt; branch and you&amp;rsquo;re back on the &lt;code&gt;master&lt;/code&gt; branch." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ucy;&bcy;&iecy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&scy;&softcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &vcy;&ncy;&iecy;&scy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&iecy; &vcy;&acy;&mcy;&icy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&shcy;&iecy; &ncy;&iecy; &ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zhcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy;, &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ucy; &ocy;&ncy;&ocy; &bcy;&ycy;&lcy;&ocy; &scy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&ncy;&ocy; &vcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&iecy;  <code>experimental</code> , &acy; &vcy;&ycy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ncy;&ucy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&softcy; &vcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&ucy;  <code>master</code> .</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="ea10045ae8ca46565b2714e69b0b8123ddd28f920b5bd8c40445bd010b382d78/00" data-source="You can make a different change on the &lt;code&gt;master&lt;/code&gt; branch:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy;&ncy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &dcy;&rcy;&ucy;&gcy;&icy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &vcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&ucy;  <code>master</code> :</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby">(edit file)
<span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git commit -a</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="5aad186d5fd0242605faf91137242b97d3a564db9f2ea1ad5984a8fdd7c62735/91" data-source="at this point the two branches have diverged, with different changes made in each. To merge the changes made in &lt;code&gt;experimental&lt;/code&gt; into &lt;code&gt;master&lt;/code&gt;, run" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&ncy;&acy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &ecy;&tcy;&acy;&pcy;&iecy; &dcy;&vcy;&iecy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&vcy;&icy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&shcy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&softcy;, &vcy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ocy;&jcy; &icy;&zcy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&khcy; &bcy;&ycy;&lcy;&icy; &vcy;&ncy;&iecy;&scy;&iecy;&ncy;&ycy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;. &CHcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;, &vcy;&ncy;&iecy;&scy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &vcy;  <code>experimental</code> , &vcy;  <code>master</code> , &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&ucy;&scy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git merge experimental</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="780858c7ea89a4c0edbc7a9813cb41e89e659c3408018a9643061f2295eab02c/9b" data-source="If the changes don&amp;rsquo;t conflict, you&amp;rsquo;re done. If there are conflicts, markers will be left in the problematic files showing the conflict;" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &ncy;&iecy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&fcy;&lcy;&icy;&kcy;&tcy;&ucy;&yucy;&tcy;, &vcy;&scy;&iecy; &gcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;. &IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &iecy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&fcy;&lcy;&icy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy;, &vcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&bcy;&lcy;&iecy;&mcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&acy;&khcy; &ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&ncy;&ucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &mcy;&acy;&rcy;&kcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ycy;, &pcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&iecy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&fcy;&lcy;&icy;&kcy;&tcy;;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git diff</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="42a44d383f1c167bf7e0634a633c8dbe1d3e37b7634b82cf2f254a7a5b5bbf17/2b" data-source="will show this. Once you&amp;rsquo;ve edited the files to resolve the conflicts," onmousemove="i18n(this)">&ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;. &Pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy; &tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &vcy;&ycy; &ocy;&tcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&acy;&kcy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&lcy;&icy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ycy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&rcy;&iecy;&shcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&fcy;&lcy;&icy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;,</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git commit -a</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="09e0243ff06eef38f32be03df53e72036649bfc436e344d521e5dc5624b59426/21" data-source="will commit the result of the merge. Finally," onmousemove="i18n(this)">&zcy;&acy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy; &rcy;&iecy;&zcy;&ucy;&lcy;&softcy;&tcy;&acy;&tcy; &scy;&lcy;&icy;&yacy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;. &Ocy;&kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&chcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;,</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>gitk</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="2d28c1b91213c78c39a6c87952de398a6ee6b3f799382514cf8ab814e6849fd4/68" data-source="will show a nice graphical representation of the resulting history." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&pcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &kcy;&rcy;&acy;&scy;&icy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy; &gcy;&rcy;&acy;&fcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&iecy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&icy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="d481d4fd6a0079977cb5e2168034fafdfa2b052b94edd6d960afca21b143f302/29" data-source="At this point you could delete the &lt;code&gt;experimental&lt;/code&gt; branch with" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ncy;&acy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &ecy;&tcy;&acy;&pcy;&iecy; &vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &ucy;&dcy;&acy;&lcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&ucy;  <code>experimental</code>  &scy; &pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ocy;&shchcy;&softcy;&yucy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git branch -d experimental</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="d5722191c3a9f8c0d9023b1c464798a85194afa05d99ec1fb0fd0650b65d3c51/6a" data-source="This command ensures that the changes in the &lt;code&gt;experimental&lt;/code&gt; branch are already in the current branch." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ecy;&tcy;&acy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&acy; &gcy;&acy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &vcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&iecy;  <code>experimental</code>  &ucy;&zhcy;&iecy; &ncy;&acy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&yacy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; &tcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&jcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&iecy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="c7a00bf946d51cd85e84ac6bad5dc3cbddeb00261741089198744ea889d21e05/a9" data-source="If you develop on a branch &lt;code&gt;crazy-idea&lt;/code&gt;, then regret it, you can always delete the branch with" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&rcy;&acy;&bcy;&acy;&tcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ncy;&acy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&iecy;  <code>crazy-idea</code> , &tcy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&acy;&lcy;&iecy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy;, &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&ucy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy; &ucy;&dcy;&acy;&lcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy; &pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ocy;&shchcy;&softcy;&yucy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git branch -D crazy-idea</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="7863a31346749d4ee868926b42349a29ff807b792481bd1e26494771d75823b2/5c" data-source="Branches are cheap and easy, so this is a good way to try something out." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Fcy;&icy;&lcy;&icy;&acy;&lcy;&ycy; &mdash; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &dcy;&iecy;&shcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ocy; &icy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;, &tcy;&acy;&kcy; &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &khcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&shcy;&icy;&jcy; &scy;&pcy;&ocy;&scy;&ocy;&bcy; &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;-&tcy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy;.</span></p> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_using_git_for_collaboration"><span data-i18n="3287a7e9a1a6c0e9ec3badc3d7ffcd82a44f2ce0637cd7152ec21cf3ee39a799/55" data-source="Using git for collaboration" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;  git  &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &scy;&ocy;&vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ycy;</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="0e8ca98c0df8d8bd76761fee4f8b0b94acde74dc78388a81499c0ec1657fae52/37" data-source="Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a Git repository in &lt;code&gt;/home/alice/project&lt;/code&gt;, and that Bob, who has a home directory on the same machine, wants to contribute." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&icy;&mcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&acy; &ncy;&acy;&chcy;&acy;&lcy;&acy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy; &scy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&iecy;&mcy;  Git  &vcy;  <code>/home/alice/project</code> , &icy; &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy;, &ucy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &iecy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &dcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&shcy;&ncy;&icy;&jcy; &kcy;&acy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&ocy;&gcy; &ncy;&acy; &tcy;&ocy;&jcy; &zhcy;&iecy; &mcy;&acy;&shcy;&icy;&ncy;&iecy;, &khcy;&ocy;&chcy;&iecy;&tcy; &vcy;&ncy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &scy;&vcy;&ocy;&jcy; &vcy;&kcy;&lcy;&acy;&dcy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="da9368a1657aaddd8c83c1eabb9ebfb1e2e8102ed1398b47f133b4f30509f161/75" data-source="Bob begins with:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Bcy;&ocy;&bcy; &ncy;&acy;&chcy;&icy;&ncy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">bob$ </span><span class="language-bash">git <span class="hljs-built_in">clone</span> /home/alice/project myrepo</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="9c5071097df4b1321fb493145e3427d1f3eb6fdf535461d298c4083c9d69453e/41" data-source="This creates a new directory &lt;code&gt;myrepo&lt;/code&gt; containing a clone of Alice&amp;rsquo;s repository. The clone is on an equal footing with the original project, possessing its own copy of the original project&amp;rsquo;s history." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Pcy;&rcy;&icy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &scy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &kcy;&acy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&ocy;&gcy;  <code>myrepo</code> , &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&acy;&shchcy;&icy;&jcy; &kcy;&lcy;&ocy;&ncy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yacy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&ycy;. &Kcy;&lcy;&ocy;&ncy; &ncy;&acy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &ncy;&acy; &rcy;&acy;&vcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &scy; &ocy;&rcy;&icy;&gcy;&icy;&ncy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&mcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy;, &ocy;&bcy;&lcy;&acy;&dcy;&acy;&yacy; &scy;&ocy;&bcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &kcy;&ocy;&pcy;&icy;&iecy;&jcy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&icy; &ocy;&rcy;&icy;&gcy;&icy;&ncy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="e6c068813aeae2449ca6ecca67518239db0f6496963ee9de89f6c309a08e1821/01" data-source="Bob then makes some changes and commits them:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy; &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy; &vcy;&ncy;&ocy;&scy;&icy;&tcy; &ncy;&iecy;&kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &icy; &fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy; &icy;&khcy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-scss">(edit files)
bob$ git commit -<span class="hljs-selector-tag">a</span>
(repeat as necessary)</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="4fef50cd99a0d2f2145e24a5af51cda9f8fe4daf5c105cadb82fe15055aa5b14/d1" data-source="When he&amp;rsquo;s ready, he tells Alice to pull changes from the repository at &lt;code&gt;/home/bob/myrepo&lt;/code&gt;. She does this with:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Kcy;&ocy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy; &ocy;&ncy; &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy; &gcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &ocy;&ncy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&chcy;&softcy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &icy;&zcy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yacy; &pcy;&ocy; &acy;&dcy;&rcy;&iecy;&scy;&ucy;  <code>/home/bob/myrepo</code> . &Ocy;&ncy;&acy; &dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &scy; &pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ocy;&shchcy;&softcy;&yucy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">alice$ </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> /home/alice/project</span>
<span class="hljs-meta prompt_">alice$ </span><span class="language-bash">git pull /home/bob/myrepo master</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="8e3663c7ec75048582bbbc6ae250569b71182fe28296f2b1df5928cfc508f4ae/a8" data-source="This merges the changes from Bob&amp;rsquo;s &lt;code&gt;master&lt;/code&gt; branch into Alice&amp;rsquo;s current branch. If Alice has made her own changes in the meantime, then she may need to manually fix any conflicts." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &icy;&zcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&icy;  <code>master</code>  &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy; &scy; &tcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&jcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&ocy;&jcy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&ycy;. &IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&acy; &zcy;&acy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &vcy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&yacy; &vcy;&ncy;&iecy;&scy;&lcy;&acy; &scy;&vcy;&ocy;&icy; &scy;&ocy;&bcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;, &vcy;&ocy;&zcy;&mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy;, &iecy;&jcy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy;&rcy;&ucy;&chcy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&rcy;&acy;&vcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &lcy;&yucy;&bcy;&ycy;&iecy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&fcy;&lcy;&icy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="190e4cfc939962260b5ed28e69f52d95889ba074b4b45b2097e887fd0c20a5b6/9e" data-source="The &lt;code&gt;pull&lt;/code&gt; command thus performs two operations: it fetches changes from a remote branch, then merges them into the current branch." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Tcy;&acy;&kcy;&icy;&mcy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&mcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&acy;  <code>pull</code>  &vcy;&ycy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &dcy;&vcy;&iecy; &ocy;&pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy;: &icy;&zcy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&kcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &icy;&zcy; &ucy;&dcy;&acy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&icy;, &acy; &zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &icy;&khcy; &scy; &tcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&jcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&ocy;&jcy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="0cd9fd2af2051898af0a2b30b9d179e54d7ea9260fab69a06a53d7aba9936a20/27" data-source="Note that in general, Alice would want her local changes committed before initiating this &lt;code&gt;pull&lt;/code&gt;. If Bob&amp;rsquo;s work conflicts with what Alice did since their histories forked, Alice will use her working tree and the index to resolve conflicts, and existing local changes will interfere with the conflict resolution process (Git will still perform the fetch but will refuse to merge &amp;mdash; Alice will have to get rid of her local changes in some way and pull again when this happens)." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &vcy; &tscy;&iecy;&lcy;&ocy;&mcy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&acy; &khcy;&ocy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy; &bcy;&ycy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &iecy;&iecy; &lcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &bcy;&ycy;&lcy;&icy; &zcy;&acy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ycy; &dcy;&ocy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&ucy;&scy;&kcy;&acy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;  <code>pull</code>  . &IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&tcy;&acy; &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&tcy;&icy;&vcy;&ocy;&rcy;&iecy;&chcy;&icy;&tcy; &tcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&lcy;&acy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&acy; &scy; &mcy;&ocy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&acy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &icy;&khcy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&jcy;, &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&acy; &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy; &rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&chcy;&iecy;&iecy; &dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ocy; &icy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&rcy;&iecy;&shcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&fcy;&lcy;&icy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &acy; &scy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&iecy; &lcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&ucy;&tcy; &mcy;&iecy;&shcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&tscy;&iecy;&scy;&scy;&ucy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&rcy;&iecy;&shcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&fcy;&lcy;&icy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; (Git &vcy;&scy;&iecy; &rcy;&acy;&vcy;&ncy;&ocy; &vcy;&ycy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy; &vcy;&ycy;&bcy;&ocy;&rcy;&kcy;&ucy;, &ncy;&ocy; &ocy;&tcy;&kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &ocy;&tcy; &scy;&lcy;&icy;&yacy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &mdash; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&iecy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &kcy;&acy;&kcy;&icy;&mcy;-&tcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&mcy; &icy;&zcy;&bcy;&acy;&vcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy;&scy;&yacy; &ocy;&tcy; &scy;&vcy;&ocy;&icy;&khcy; &lcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&jcy; &icy; &scy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &scy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;, &kcy;&ocy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&icy;&zcy;&ocy;&jcy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy;).</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="c8bf675a0f8c7d0aeae366c2a014130c4dfb9091d0a245850bae68b09f6ae415/70" data-source="Alice can peek at what Bob did without merging first, using the &lt;code&gt;fetch&lt;/code&gt; command; this allows Alice to inspect what Bob did, using a special symbol &lt;code&gt;FETCH_HEAD&lt;/code&gt;, in order to determine if he has anything worth pulling, like this:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&acy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&mcy;&ocy;&tcy;&rcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &scy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&lcy; &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy;, &bcy;&iecy;&zcy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&vcy;&acy;&rcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &scy;&lcy;&icy;&yacy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;, &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&yacy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&ucy;  <code>fetch</code> ; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&vcy;&ocy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&iecy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &scy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&lcy; &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy;, &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&yacy; &scy;&pcy;&iecy;&tscy;&icy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &scy;&icy;&mcy;&vcy;&ocy;&lcy;  <code>FETCH_HEAD</code> , &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &ocy;&pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy;, &iecy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &lcy;&icy; &ucy; &ncy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;-&ncy;&icy;&bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&softcy; &scy;&tcy;&ocy;&yacy;&shchcy;&iecy;&iecy;, &ncy;&acy;&pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">alice$ </span><span class="language-bash">git fetch /home/bob/myrepo master</span>
<span class="hljs-meta prompt_">alice$ </span><span class="language-bash">git <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span> -p HEAD..FETCH_HEAD</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="2cc0239b6276c9f79e9398de13f7eb1fabca9aafbaceffb1398a2d260bdc0496/e0" data-source="This operation is safe even if Alice has uncommitted local changes. The range notation &lt;code&gt;HEAD..FETCH_HEAD&lt;/code&gt; means &amp;quot;show everything that is reachable from the &lt;code&gt;FETCH_HEAD&lt;/code&gt; but exclude anything that is reachable from &lt;code&gt;HEAD&lt;/code&gt;&amp;quot;. Alice already knows everything that leads to her current state (&lt;code&gt;HEAD&lt;/code&gt;), and reviews what Bob has in his state (&lt;code&gt;FETCH_HEAD&lt;/code&gt;) that she has not seen with this command." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ecy;&tcy;&acy; &ocy;&pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&yacy; &bcy;&iecy;&zcy;&ocy;&pcy;&acy;&scy;&ncy;&acy;, &dcy;&acy;&zhcy;&iecy; &iecy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &ucy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&ycy; &iecy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &ncy;&iecy;&zcy;&acy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &lcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;. &Ocy;&bcy;&ocy;&zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &dcy;&icy;&acy;&pcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&ncy;&acy;  <code>HEAD..FETCH_HEAD</code>  &ocy;&zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;  &quot;show everything that is reachable from the   <code>FETCH_HEAD</code>   but exclude anything that is reachable from   <code>HEAD</code>  &quot; . &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&acy; &ucy;&zhcy;&iecy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&vcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy; &kcy; &iecy;&iecy; &tcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&mcy;&ucy; &scy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&yacy;&ncy;&icy;&yucy; ( <code>HEAD</code> ), &icy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;&rcy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy; &pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ocy;&shchcy;&softcy;&yucy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&jcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&ycy; &tcy;&ocy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&iecy;&tcy; &vcy; &scy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy;&mcy; &scy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&yacy;&ncy;&icy;&icy; ( <code>FETCH_HEAD</code> ), &chcy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&ncy;&acy; &iecy;&shchcy;&iecy; &ncy;&iecy; &vcy;&icy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="fe49a29476db0e7287131a2cafee9ec4ca392b1a7abc662ee212fd6939953398/92" data-source="If Alice wants to visualize what Bob did since their histories forked she can issue the following command:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&acy; &khcy;&ocy;&chcy;&iecy;&tcy; &vcy;&icy;&zcy;&ucy;&acy;&lcy;&icy;&zcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &tcy;&ocy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &scy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&lcy; &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy; &scy; &mcy;&ocy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&acy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &icy;&khcy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&jcy;, &ocy;&ncy;&acy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &vcy;&vcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&ucy;&yucy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&ucy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>gitk <span class="hljs-variable constant_">HEAD</span>..<span class="hljs-variable constant_">FETCH_HEAD</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="55af761a5f6f1591636e6ed8d4d3487a82aadbc2d0fae6e4fb009545529c8dcb/59" data-source="This uses the same two-dot range notation we saw earlier with &lt;code&gt;git log&lt;/code&gt;." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Zcy;&dcy;&iecy;&scy;&softcy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &tcy;&ocy; &zhcy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&ocy;&zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &dcy;&icy;&acy;&pcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&ncy;&acy; &icy;&zcy; &dcy;&vcy;&ucy;&khcy; &tcy;&ocy;&chcy;&iecy;&kcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy; &mcy;&ycy; &vcy;&icy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy; &rcy;&acy;&ncy;&iecy;&iecy; &scy;  <code>git log</code> .</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="ea1bc56d53bb6e6405d06d5140feaa36078d74e47da6687eeba73715cdaa5648/3c" data-source="Alice may want to view what both of them did since they forked. She can use three-dot form instead of the two-dot form:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&acy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &zcy;&acy;&khcy;&ocy;&tcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&mcy;&ocy;&tcy;&rcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &ocy;&ncy;&icy; &ocy;&bcy;&acy; &scy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&lcy;&icy; &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&kcy;&acy;. &Ocy;&ncy;&acy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&ucy; &scy; &tcy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&yacy; &tcy;&ocy;&chcy;&kcy;&acy;&mcy;&icy; &vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&ycy; &scy; &dcy;&vcy;&ucy;&mcy;&yacy; &tcy;&ocy;&chcy;&kcy;&acy;&mcy;&icy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>gitk <span class="hljs-variable constant_">HEAD</span>...<span class="hljs-variable constant_">FETCH_HEAD</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="c11cbb0ac9c7b5ce056f3fd11c34cc93c6935655f43e5bf564764ae19678ad1e/73" data-source="This means &amp;quot;show everything that is reachable from either one, but exclude anything that is reachable from both of them&amp;quot;." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &ocy;&zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;  &quot;show everything that is reachable from either one, but exclude anything that is reachable from both of them&quot; .</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="ba3e4973e6c46432e784d46c68edc76b1c2dd43dd9ac1fc9e5a545c258da7bbf/91" data-source="Please note that these range notation can be used with both &lt;code&gt;gitk&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;git log&lt;/code&gt;." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &ecy;&tcy;&icy; &ocy;&bcy;&ocy;&zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &dcy;&icy;&acy;&pcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy; &mcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ucy;&tcy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy;&scy;&yacy; &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &scy;  <code>gitk</code> , &tcy;&acy;&kcy; &icy; &scy;  <code>git log</code> .</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="8a3d7976a9a5a480ea20422204ad32b7cd1ef331d87ee8db81df6b152d6ffef7/d0" data-source="After inspecting what Bob did, if there is nothing urgent, Alice may decide to continue working without pulling from Bob. If Bob&amp;rsquo;s history does have something Alice would immediately need, Alice may choose to stash her work-in-progress first, do a &lt;code&gt;pull&lt;/code&gt;, and then finally unstash her work-in-progress on top of the resulting history." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&kcy;&icy; &tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &scy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&lcy; &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy;, &iecy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &ncy;&iecy;&tcy; &ncy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &scy;&rcy;&ocy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;, &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&acy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &rcy;&iecy;&shcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&dcy;&ocy;&lcy;&zhcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ucy;, &ncy;&iecy; &ocy;&tcy;&rcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&yacy;&scy;&softcy; &ocy;&tcy; &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy;. &IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &vcy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&icy; &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy; &dcy;&iecy;&jcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy; &iecy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;-&tcy;&ocy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &ncy;&iecy;&mcy;&iecy;&dcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&ncy;&acy;&dcy;&ocy;&bcy;&icy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&iecy;, &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&acy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&acy;&lcy;&acy; &scy;&pcy;&rcy;&yacy;&tcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy;&vcy;&ocy;&yucy; &ncy;&iecy;&zcy;&acy;&vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&shcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy; &rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ucy;, &vcy;&ycy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy;  <code>pull</code>  , &acy; &zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy;, &ncy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&iecy;&tscy;, &icy;&zcy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&chcy;&softcy; &scy;&vcy;&ocy;&yucy; &ncy;&iecy;&zcy;&acy;&vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&shcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy; &rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ucy; &pcy;&ocy;&vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&khcy; &rcy;&iecy;&zcy;&ucy;&lcy;&softcy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&jcy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&icy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="c63e3ecb0b66c13448458ee5721532a26d79f55c82f91a7e591ced0236bc486c/58" data-source="When you are working in a small closely knit group, it is not unusual to interact with the same repository over and over again. By defining &lt;code&gt;remote&lt;/code&gt; repository shorthand, you can make it easier:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Kcy;&ocy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy; &vcy;&ycy; &rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&tcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy; &ncy;&iecy;&bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&shcy;&ocy;&jcy; &scy;&pcy;&lcy;&ocy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &gcy;&rcy;&ucy;&pcy;&pcy;&iecy;, &ncy;&iecy;&tcy; &ncy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &ncy;&iecy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &vcy; &tcy;&ocy;&mcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &scy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy; &icy; &scy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy; &vcy;&zcy;&acy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&jcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy; &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy; &icy; &tcy;&iecy;&mcy; &zhcy;&iecy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&iecy;&mcy;. &Ocy;&pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy;&vcy; &scy;&ocy;&kcy;&rcy;&acy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yacy;  <code>remote</code> , &vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &ucy;&pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &zcy;&acy;&dcy;&acy;&chcy;&ucy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">alice$ </span><span class="language-bash">git remote add bob /home/bob/myrepo</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="8ed5772dd763672b73b1d85da167e469ad9f690e55c127b9584b0bf8a50a579b/d8" data-source="With this, Alice can perform the first part of the &lt;code&gt;pull&lt;/code&gt; operation alone using the &lt;code&gt;git fetch&lt;/code&gt; command without merging them with her own branch, using:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Bcy;&lcy;&acy;&gcy;&ocy;&dcy;&acy;&rcy;&yacy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&acy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &vcy;&ycy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ucy;&yucy; &chcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &ocy;&pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy;  <code>pull</code>  &scy;&acy;&mcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&yacy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;, &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&yacy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&ucy;  <code>git fetch</code> , &ncy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy;&yacy;&yacy; &icy;&khcy; &scy;&ocy; &scy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy;&jcy; &scy;&ocy;&bcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&ocy;&jcy;, &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&yacy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby">alice<span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git fetch bob</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="bdf75b570f38ab65f273867e587d122390127e18b5e49003f66c7e1d2670bccc/de" data-source="Unlike the longhand form, when Alice fetches from Bob using a remote repository shorthand set up with &lt;code&gt;git remote&lt;/code&gt;, what was fetched is stored in a remote-tracking branch, in this case &lt;code&gt;bob/master&lt;/code&gt;. So after this:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy; &ocy;&tcy;&lcy;&icy;&chcy;&icy;&iecy; &ocy;&tcy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&ycy;, &kcy;&ocy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&acy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &ocy;&tcy; &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy;, &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&yacy; &scy;&ocy;&kcy;&rcy;&acy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&yucy; &ucy;&dcy;&acy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yacy;, &ncy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy; &scy; &pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ocy;&shchcy;&softcy;&yucy;  <code>git remote</code>  , &tcy;&ocy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &bcy;&ycy;&lcy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ocy;, &scy;&ocy;&khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&iecy; &ucy;&dcy;&acy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&tcy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;, &vcy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy; &scy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&acy;&iecy;  <code>bob/master</code>  . &Icy;&tcy;&acy;&kcy;, &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">alice$ </span><span class="language-bash">git <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span> -p master..bob/master</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="e560b9dbc1e31d06a2b7b165200a07117e8cba9d12b5e58417a5222c872bf563/ea" data-source="shows a list of all the changes that Bob made since he branched from Alice&amp;rsquo;s &lt;code&gt;master&lt;/code&gt; branch." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&pcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&ocy;&kcy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy;&khcy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&jcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&iecy; &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy; &scy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&lcy; &scy; &tcy;&iecy;&khcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;, &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &ocy;&ncy; &ocy;&tcy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy;&lcy;&scy;&yacy; &ocy;&tcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&icy;  <code>master</code>  &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&ycy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="1c8705275261104b3f0ebdaae80f153dd60401420f2a8a822e05ddb54325878f/a0" data-source="After examining those changes, Alice could merge the changes into her &lt;code&gt;master&lt;/code&gt; branch:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Icy;&zcy;&ucy;&chcy;&icy;&vcy; &ecy;&tcy;&icy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;, &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&acy; &mcy;&ocy;&gcy;&lcy;&acy; &bcy;&ycy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &icy;&khcy; &vcy; &scy;&vcy;&ocy;&yucy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&ucy;  <code>master</code> :</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">alice$ </span><span class="language-bash">git merge bob/master</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="f5053d70932a3d0544b7dcca78f743c1b59dd95fb409b1f35772760eb80136b6/f1" data-source="This &lt;code&gt;merge&lt;/code&gt; can also be done by &lt;code&gt;pulling from her own remote-tracking branch&lt;/code&gt;, like this:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&tcy;  <code>merge</code>  &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy; &scy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy; &pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ocy;&shchcy;&softcy;&yucy;  <code>pulling from her own remote-tracking branch</code> , &vcy;&ocy;&tcy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">alice$ </span><span class="language-bash">git pull . remotes/bob/master</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="dc0ac577e59acf4862895b9ad3132bc2e14ee0310072142f69301f704e510a66/e7" data-source="Note that git pull always merges into the current branch, regardless of what else is given on the command line." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;  git  pull &vcy;&scy;&iecy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &scy; &tcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&jcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&ocy;&jcy;, &ncy;&iecy;&zcy;&acy;&vcy;&icy;&scy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy; &ocy;&tcy; &tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &iecy;&shchcy;&iecy; &ucy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&acy;&ncy;&ocy; &vcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&kcy;&iecy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="619c4855695afca588e91b4344aec35a98d7671a2108073fa044767e2d5d4f77/fd" data-source="Later, Bob can update his repo with Alice&amp;rsquo;s latest changes using" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &ocy;&bcy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy;&vcy;&ocy;&jcy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&jcy; &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&icy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;&mcy;&icy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&ycy;, &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&yacy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby">bob<span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git pull</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="850f50f86cac8fd7980e47a4c1b6dcd6701aa0bbeefc0ae4b2f7a3600b825841/aa" data-source="Note that he doesn&amp;rsquo;t need to give the path to Alice&amp;rsquo;s repository; when Bob cloned Alice&amp;rsquo;s repository, Git stored the location of her repository in the repository configuration, and that location is used for pulls:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &iecy;&mcy;&ucy; &ncy;&iecy; &ncy;&ucy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy; &ucy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&ucy;&tcy;&softcy; &kcy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yucy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&ycy;; &kcy;&ocy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy; &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy; &kcy;&lcy;&ocy;&ncy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&lcy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&jcy; &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&ycy;,  Git  &scy;&ocy;&khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&lcy;&acy; &mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &scy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yacy; &vcy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&fcy;&icy;&gcy;&ucy;&rcy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yacy;, &icy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &icy;&zcy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-lua">bob$ git <span class="hljs-built_in">config</span> <span class="hljs-comment">--get remote.origin.url</span>
/home/alice/project</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="6e4827913b863455e00220ba92c3f2541e68196dcb0a7a120cd5fc03e0f9be3c/da" data-source="(The complete configuration created by &lt;code&gt;git clone&lt;/code&gt; is visible using &lt;code&gt;git config -l&lt;/code&gt;, and the &lt;a href=&quot;git-config&quot;&gt;git-config[1]&lt;/a&gt; man page explains the meaning of each option.)" onmousemove="i18n(this)">(&Pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&fcy;&icy;&gcy;&ucy;&rcy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&yucy;, &scy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy;  <code>git clone</code> , &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy; &ucy;&vcy;&icy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy; &pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ocy;&shchcy;&softcy;&yucy;  <code>git config -l</code> , &acy; &ncy;&acy; &scy;&tcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&tscy;&iecy; &rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&acy;  <a href="git-config.html">git-config[1]</a>  &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&yacy;&scy;&ncy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ocy;&jcy; &ocy;&pcy;&tscy;&icy;&icy;.)</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="02e207f63ce2da15f423e392b4675c4c4b2344fcb5bb70f6eea352ce2a0a4eff/85" data-source="Git also keeps a pristine copy of Alice&amp;rsquo;s &lt;code&gt;master&lt;/code&gt; branch under the name &lt;code&gt;origin/master&lt;/code&gt;:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Git  &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy; &ncy;&iecy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&ncy;&ucy;&tcy;&ucy;&yucy; &kcy;&ocy;&pcy;&icy;&yucy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&icy;  <code>master</code>  &Acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&ycy; &pcy;&ocy;&dcy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&mcy;  <code>origin/master</code> :</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-bash">bob$ git branch -r
  origin/master</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="f61221cce0e10e0072450466d00be3af78b507f15445a4e7eef7ed65c2f0fa4b/36" data-source="If Bob later decides to work from a different host, he can still perform clones and pulls using the ssh protocol:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &Bcy;&ocy;&bcy; &rcy;&iecy;&shcy;&icy;&tcy; &rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&tcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy; &dcy;&rcy;&ucy;&gcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &khcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;, &ocy;&ncy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy; &rcy;&acy;&vcy;&ncy;&ocy; &scy;&mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &vcy;&ycy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&yacy;&tcy;&softcy; &kcy;&lcy;&ocy;&ncy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &icy; &icy;&zcy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy;, &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&yacy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy; ssh:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">bob$ </span><span class="language-bash">git <span class="hljs-built_in">clone</span> alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="44186c0475f5d22c8558c96d0902526878dee517ca70141b09f10d8bb373482f/83" data-source="Alternatively, Git has a native protocol, or can use http; see &lt;a href=&quot;git-pull&quot;&gt;git-pull[1]&lt;/a&gt; for details." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Acy;&lcy;&softcy;&tcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ncy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&vcy;&ncy;&ocy;,  Git  &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&ocy;&bcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy; &icy;&lcy;&icy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; http; &pcy;&ocy;&dcy;&rcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ncy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &scy;&mcy;. &vcy;  <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull[1]</a> .</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="86888e9324bb54ff7239b1034ff800d6545ce6c7201c00587260dbe24bf89377/ed" data-source="Git can also be used in a CVS-like mode, with a central repository that various users push changes to; see &lt;a href=&quot;git-push&quot;&gt;git-push[1]&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;gitcvs-migration&quot;&gt;gitcvs-migration[7]&lt;/a&gt;." onmousemove="i18n(this)">Git  &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &vcy; &rcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;, &pcy;&ocy;&dcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy; CVS, &scy; &tscy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&rcy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&mcy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&iecy;&mcy;, &vcy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&jcy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&lcy;&icy;&chcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy; &ocy;&tcy;&pcy;&rcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;; &scy;&mcy;.  <a href="git-push.html">git-push[1]</a>  &icy;  <a href="gitcvs-migration.html">gitcvs-migration[7]</a> .</span></p> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_exploring_history"><span data-i18n="25841fc5a113fdee15ec1bc5c5641efab0b326fbf99942856dd66b94d963093c/88" data-source="Exploring history" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Exploring history</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="d0b78769e5730fe640a4b325346dc133ebf2ecf47a0440367ef3da6c3e1a8f93/07" data-source="Git history is represented as a series of interrelated commits. We have already seen that the &lt;code&gt;git log&lt;/code&gt; command can list those commits. Note that first line of each &lt;code&gt;git log&lt;/code&gt; entry also gives a name for the commit:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Icy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yacy;  Git  &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&acy; &ZeroWidthSpace;&ZeroWidthSpace;&kcy;&acy;&kcy; &scy;&iecy;&rcy;&icy;&yacy; &vcy;&zcy;&acy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy;&scy;&vcy;&yacy;&zcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;. &Mcy;&ycy; &ucy;&zhcy;&iecy; &vcy;&icy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&acy;  <code>git log</code>  &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &vcy;&ycy;&vcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &scy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&ocy;&kcy; &ecy;&tcy;&icy;&khcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;. &Ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&acy;&yacy; &scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ocy;&jcy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&icy;  <code>git log</code>  &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&icy;&tcy; &icy;&mcy;&yacy; &fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-sql">$ git log
<span class="hljs-keyword">commit</span> c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
Author: Junio C Hamano <span class="hljs-operator">&lt;</span>junkio<span class="hljs-variable">@cox</span>.net<span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-type">Date</span>:   Tue May <span class="hljs-number">16</span> <span class="hljs-number">17</span>:<span class="hljs-number">18</span>:<span class="hljs-number">22</span> <span class="hljs-number">2006</span> <span class="hljs-number">-0700</span>

    <span class="hljs-keyword">merge</span><span class="hljs-operator">-</span>base: Clarify the comments <span class="hljs-keyword">on</span> post processing.</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="2729f863caf92ddf8138e1d6864618fc6000506b76a9705f203b0faef63bc81d/8c" data-source="We can give this name to &lt;code&gt;git show&lt;/code&gt; to see the details about this commit." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Mcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&mcy; &dcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &icy;&mcy;&yacy;  <code>git show</code> , &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &ucy;&vcy;&icy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&ocy;&dcy;&rcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ncy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &ocy;&bcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;.</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git show c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="aa86da694b7da40838101275446c6cf7b7c2265bc15dc3d7b46f8a7173fc9ae1/20" data-source="But there are other ways to refer to commits. You can use any initial part of the name that is long enough to uniquely identify the commit:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ncy;&ocy; &iecy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &icy; &dcy;&rcy;&ucy;&gcy;&icy;&iecy; &scy;&pcy;&ocy;&scy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &scy;&scy;&ycy;&lcy;&kcy;&icy; &ncy;&acy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ycy;. &Vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &lcy;&yucy;&bcy;&ucy;&yucy; &ncy;&acy;&chcy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy; &chcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;, &dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&tcy;&ocy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy; &dcy;&lcy;&icy;&ncy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ocy;&zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy; &icy;&dcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&icy;&fcy;&icy;&tscy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git show c82a22c39c        <span class="hljs-comment" title="# the first few characters of the name are"># &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ycy;&iecy; &ncy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &scy;&icy;&mcy;&vcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;</span>
                        <span class="hljs-comment" title="# usually enough"># &ocy;&bcy;&ycy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy; &dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&tcy;&ocy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy;</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git show <span class="hljs-variable constant_">HEAD</span>                <span class="hljs-comment" title="# the tip of the current branch"># &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&chcy;&icy;&kcy; &tcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&jcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&icy;</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git show experimental        <span class="hljs-comment" title="# the tip of the &quot;experimental&quot; branch">#&kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&chcy;&icy;&kcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&icy;  &quot;experimental&quot;</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="3749ea6721dc7e2f6d5c8d8690d6188ab73e49dcc2be5bee5a76206c52ad315a/f4" data-source="Every commit usually has one &amp;quot;parent&amp;quot; commit which points to the previous state of the project:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ycy;&jcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy; &ocy;&bcy;&ycy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&iecy;&tcy; &ocy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;  &quot;parent&quot; , &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&jcy; &ucy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &ncy;&acy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ycy;&dcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&iecy; &scy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&yacy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git show <span class="hljs-variable constant_">HEAD</span>^  <span class="hljs-comment" title="# to see the parent of HEAD"># &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &ucy;&vcy;&icy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy; &rcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&yacy; HEAD</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git show <span class="hljs-variable constant_">HEAD</span>^^ <span class="hljs-comment" title="# to see the grandparent of HEAD"># &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &ucy;&vcy;&icy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&kcy;&acy; HEAD</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git show <span class="hljs-variable constant_">HEAD</span>~<span class="hljs-number">4</span> <span class="hljs-comment" title="# to see the great-great grandparent of HEAD"># &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &ucy;&vcy;&icy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&rcy;&acy;&pcy;&rcy;&acy;&dcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&shcy;&kcy;&ucy; HEAD</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="e3b4e4ce0c251f2eda62a3ba8d1027d73be8c9180026ca04e2a44e7214b8c328/04" data-source="Note that merge commits may have more than one parent:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ycy; &scy;&lcy;&icy;&yacy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &mcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ucy;&tcy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&iecy;&iecy; &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &rcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&yacy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git show <span class="hljs-variable constant_">HEAD</span>^<span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-comment" title="# show the first parent of HEAD (same as HEAD^)"># &pcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &rcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&yacy; HEAD (&tcy;&acy;&kcy; &zhcy;&iecy;, &kcy;&acy;&kcy; HEAD^)</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git show <span class="hljs-variable constant_">HEAD</span>^<span class="hljs-number">2</span> <span class="hljs-comment" title="# show the second parent of HEAD"># &pcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &vcy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &rcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&yacy; HEAD</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="3218529ef5da0829de032edd74b1a514507c1184f47efa977b8f5fcd29936de0/8d" data-source="You can also give commits names of your own; after running" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy;&ycy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &dcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&acy;&mcy; &scy;&ocy;&bcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&acy;; &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy; &bcy;&iecy;&gcy;&acy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git tag v2.<span class="hljs-number">5</span> 1b2e1d63ff</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="610c6453e3569dbe8ae615c31d76bd082367975c836a7550d20ab0144750b387/88" data-source="you can refer to &lt;code&gt;1b2e1d63ff&lt;/code&gt; by the name &lt;code&gt;v2.5&lt;/code&gt;. If you intend to share this name with other people (for example, to identify a release version), you should create a &amp;quot;tag&amp;quot; object, and perhaps sign it; see &lt;a href=&quot;git-tag&quot;&gt;git-tag[1]&lt;/a&gt; for details." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy;&scy;&yacy; &kcy;  <code>1b2e1d63ff</code>  &pcy;&ocy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;  <code>v2.5</code> . &IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &vcy;&ycy; &scy;&ocy;&bcy;&icy;&rcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy;&scy;&softcy; &pcy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy;&scy;&yacy; &ecy;&tcy;&icy;&mcy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&mcy; &scy; &dcy;&rcy;&ucy;&gcy;&icy;&mcy;&icy; &lcy;&yucy;&dcy;&softcy;&mcy;&icy; (&ncy;&acy;&pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;, &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &icy;&dcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&icy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&icy; &vcy;&ycy;&pcy;&ucy;&scy;&kcy;&acy;), &vcy;&acy;&mcy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;  &quot;tag&quot;  &icy;, &vcy;&ocy;&zcy;&mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy;, &pcy;&ocy;&dcy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &iecy;&gcy;&ocy;; &pcy;&ocy;&dcy;&rcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ncy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &scy;&mcy;. &vcy;  <a href="git-tag.html">git-tag[1]</a> .</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="032c5e9fde56a805352bad12ee6fdccae3e3f9ca6e879ac7969d35b503495dce/d6" data-source="Any Git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these names. For example:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Lcy;&yucy;&bcy;&acy;&yacy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&acy;  Git , &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&jcy; &ncy;&iecy;&ocy;&bcy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&yucy;, &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &lcy;&yucy;&bcy;&ocy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy; &ecy;&tcy;&icy;&khcy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;. &Ncy;&acy;&pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git diff v2.<span class="hljs-number">5</span> <span class="hljs-variable constant_">HEAD</span>         <span class="hljs-comment" title="# compare the current HEAD to v2.5"># &scy;&rcy;&acy;&vcy;&ncy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&mcy; &tcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&icy;&jcy; HEAD &scy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&iecy;&jcy; 2.5</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git branch stable v2.<span class="hljs-number">5</span> <span class="hljs-comment" title="# start a new branch named &quot;stable&quot; based"># &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&ucy;&scy;&kcy;&acy;&iecy;&mcy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ucy;&yucy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&ucy; &scy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&mcy;  &quot;stable&quot;  &ncy;&acy; &ocy;&scy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&iecy;</span>
                         <span class="hljs-comment" title="# at v2.5"># &vcy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&icy; 2.5</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git reset --hard <span class="hljs-variable constant_">HEAD</span>^ <span class="hljs-comment" title="# reset your current branch and working"># &scy;&bcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&softcy;&tcy;&iecy; &tcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&ucy;&yucy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&ucy; &icy; &rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&tcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&iecy;</span>
                         <span class="hljs-comment" title="# directory to its state at HEAD^"># &kcy;&acy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&ocy;&gcy; &vcy; &iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &scy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&yacy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; HEAD^</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="330a1e010cc41f1d442c16b4b435b3274e54eccd96b3be84e7d709c4586f5178/24" data-source="Be careful with that last command: in addition to losing any changes in the working directory, it will also remove all later commits from this branch. If this branch is the only branch containing those commits, they will be lost. Also, don&amp;rsquo;t use &lt;code&gt;git reset&lt;/code&gt; on a publicly-visible branch that other developers pull from, as it will force needless merges on other developers to clean up the history. If you need to undo changes that you have pushed, use &lt;code&gt;git revert&lt;/code&gt; instead." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&softcy;&tcy;&iecy; &ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ycy; &scy; &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ncy;&iecy;&jcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&ocy;&jcy;: &ocy;&ncy;&acy; &ncy;&iecy; &tcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&tcy;&iecy;&rcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &vcy; &rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&chcy;&iecy;&mcy; &kcy;&acy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&ocy;&gcy;&iecy;, &ncy;&ocy; &icy; &ucy;&dcy;&acy;&lcy;&icy;&tcy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&iecy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ycy; &icy;&zcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&jcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&icy;. &IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &ecy;&tcy;&acy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&acy; &mdash; &iecy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&acy;&yacy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&acy;, &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&acy;&shchcy;&acy;&yacy; &ecy;&tcy;&icy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ycy;, &ocy;&ncy;&icy; &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&ucy;&tcy; &pcy;&ocy;&tcy;&iecy;&rcy;&yacy;&ncy;&ycy;. &Kcy;&rcy;&ocy;&mcy;&iecy; &tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;, &ncy;&iecy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&jcy;&tcy;&iecy;  <code>git reset</code>  &vcy; &ocy;&bcy;&shchcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&iecy;, &icy;&zcy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&jcy; &bcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &dcy;&rcy;&ucy;&gcy;&icy;&iecy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&tcy;&chcy;&icy;&kcy;&icy;, &tcy;&acy;&kcy; &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &zcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&icy;&tcy; &dcy;&rcy;&ucy;&gcy;&icy;&khcy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&tcy;&chcy;&icy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy; &vcy;&ycy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&yacy;&tcy;&softcy; &ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&ucy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &scy;&lcy;&icy;&yacy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &ocy;&chcy;&icy;&scy;&tcy;&kcy;&icy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&icy;. &IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &vcy;&acy;&mcy; &ncy;&ucy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy; &ocy;&tcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &vcy;&ncy;&iecy;&scy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &vcy;&acy;&mcy;&icy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;, &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&jcy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;  <code>git revert</code> .</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="d2688bcf0640d5ec5cd57130c4822deaddbd6029b63ead0cd06d6a7b3abc2107/e9" data-source="The &lt;code&gt;git grep&lt;/code&gt; command can search for strings in any version of your project, so" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&acy;  <code>git grep</code>  &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &icy;&scy;&kcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&kcy;&icy; &vcy; &lcy;&yucy;&bcy;&ocy;&jcy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&icy; &vcy;&acy;&shcy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;, &pcy;&ocy;&ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-perl">$ git <span class="hljs-keyword">grep</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello&quot;</span> v2.<span class="hljs-number">5</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="7bab999435e830f1780943fbd82e0011ebceadd92dca84cd657109949810f428/16" data-source="searches for all occurrences of &amp;quot;hello&amp;quot; in &lt;code&gt;v2.5&lt;/code&gt;." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&icy;&shchcy;&iecy;&tcy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy; &vcy;&khcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&dcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;  &quot;hello&quot;  &vcy;  <code>v2.5</code> .</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="8f072933502dccafcee5011955a50a7f9aac72f9e8d7f0ac836f6cc2458d7e1b/65" data-source="If you leave out the commit name, &lt;code&gt;git grep&lt;/code&gt; will search any of the files it manages in your current directory. So" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &vcy;&ycy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&pcy;&ucy;&scy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &icy;&mcy;&yacy; &fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy;,  <code>git grep</code>  &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy; &icy;&scy;&kcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &lcy;&yucy;&bcy;&ycy;&iecy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ycy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&mcy;&icy; &ocy;&ncy; &ucy;&pcy;&rcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy;, &vcy; &vcy;&acy;&shcy;&iecy;&mcy; &tcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&mcy; &kcy;&acy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&ocy;&gcy;&iecy;. &Tcy;&acy;&kcy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-perl">$ git <span class="hljs-keyword">grep</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello&quot;</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="15bc038b06776e788c351f525618e833c314791966269d853e0798218baaef6f/71" data-source="is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by Git." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&mdash; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &bcy;&ycy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ycy;&jcy; &scy;&pcy;&ocy;&scy;&ocy;&bcy; &pcy;&ocy;&icy;&scy;&kcy;&acy; &tcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &tcy;&iecy;&khcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&iecy; &ocy;&tcy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; Git.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="24c5b8f469211510aab4cdca48a3f92a63547a04ceb0d8441dd8780b2d7ea6a7/7f" data-source="Many Git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified in a number of ways. Here are some examples with &lt;code&gt;git log&lt;/code&gt;:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Mcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&icy;&iecy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&ycy;  Git  &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&yucy;&tcy; &ncy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&iecy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy; &ucy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ncy;&ycy;&mcy;&icy; &scy;&pcy;&ocy;&scy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy;&mcy;&icy;. &Vcy;&ocy;&tcy; &ncy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy; &scy;  <code>git log</code> :</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">git <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span> v2.5..v2.6            <span class="hljs-comment" title="# commits between v2.5 and v2.6"># &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &mcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ucy; v2.5 &icy; v2.6</span></span>
<span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">git <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span> v2.5..                <span class="hljs-comment" title="# commits since v2.5"># &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &ncy;&acy;&chcy;&icy;&ncy;&acy;&yacy; &scy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&icy; 2.5</span></span>
<span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">git <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span> --since=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;2 weeks ago&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-comment" title="# commits from the last 2 weeks"># &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &zcy;&acy; &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; 2 &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy;</span></span>
<span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">git <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span> v2.5.. Makefile       <span class="hljs-comment" title="# commits since v2.5 which modify"># &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ycy; &ncy;&acy;&chcy;&icy;&ncy;&acy;&yacy; &scy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&icy; 2.5, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy;</span></span>
                                # Makefile</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="ce604c791a73de52e81b9a21c1f3bf2adacbc73c549ba0eb61e99f7c7074c0a1/00" data-source="You can also give &lt;code&gt;git log&lt;/code&gt; a &amp;quot;range&amp;quot; of commits where the first is not necessarily an ancestor of the second; for example, if the tips of the branches &lt;code&gt;stable&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;master&lt;/code&gt; diverged from a common commit some time ago, then" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy;&ycy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy;  <code>git log</code>  &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ycy;  &quot;range&quot; , &gcy;&dcy;&iecy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &ncy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&yacy;&zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy; &yacy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&kcy;&ocy;&mcy; &vcy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;; &ncy;&acy;&pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;, &iecy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&shcy;&icy;&ncy;&ycy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&jcy;  <code>stable</code>  &icy;  <code>master</code>  &ncy;&iecy;&kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy; &vcy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&yacy; &ncy;&acy;&zcy;&acy;&dcy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&shcy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&softcy; &ocy;&tcy; &ocy;&bcy;&shchcy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&acy;, &tcy;&ocy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">git <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span> stable..master</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="1f4084a89b30ebdd4fc4bad4216032d7311285ecec0b556546b9896e11d02c62/f4" data-source="will list commits made in the &lt;code&gt;master&lt;/code&gt; branch but not in the stable branch, while" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&chcy;&icy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ycy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ycy;, &scy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &vcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&iecy;  <code>master</code> , &ncy;&ocy; &ncy;&iecy; &vcy; &scy;&tcy;&acy;&bcy;&icy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&iecy;, &acy;</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">git <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span> master..stable</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="d8e0f66223202ef4598acba8c54e0bbbf4ed20b373d826f7bf24f1b9710ac5a4/1a" data-source="will show the list of commits made on the stable branch but not the &lt;code&gt;master&lt;/code&gt; branch." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&pcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&ocy;&kcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &scy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &vcy; &scy;&tcy;&acy;&bcy;&icy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&iecy;, &ncy;&ocy; &ncy;&iecy; &vcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&iecy;  <code>master</code> .</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="41371a683713daf913707ef7241ca6e03682034aa1e10fa7dcba78efd1ab9f47/32" data-source="The &lt;code&gt;git log&lt;/code&gt; command has a weakness: it must present commits in a list. When the history has lines of development that diverged and then merged back together, the order in which &lt;code&gt;git log&lt;/code&gt; presents those commits is meaningless." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ucy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&ycy;  <code>git log</code>  &iecy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&tcy;&ocy;&kcy;: &ocy;&ncy;&acy; &dcy;&ocy;&lcy;&zhcy;&ncy;&acy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&tcy;&softcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ycy; &vcy; &scy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&kcy;&iecy;. &Kcy;&ocy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy; &vcy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&icy; &iecy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &lcy;&icy;&ncy;&icy;&icy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&vcy;&icy;&tcy;&icy;&yacy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&iecy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&softcy;, &acy; &zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy; &scy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy; &scy;&lcy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&lcy;&icy;&scy;&softcy; &vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&iecy;, &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&ocy;&kcy;, &vcy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&mcy;  <code>git log</code>  &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &ecy;&tcy;&icy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ycy;, &ncy;&iecy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&mcy;&ycy;&scy;&lcy;&acy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="3b1ccea39f63ae28e720d358dff9121d5c8abf18dbaf80ae5e8455d6ccb916f2/01" data-source="Most projects with multiple contributors (such as the Linux kernel, or Git itself) have frequent merges, and &lt;code&gt;gitk&lt;/code&gt; does a better job of visualizing their history. For example," onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&shcy;&icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &scy; &ncy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&icy;&mcy;&icy; &ucy;&chcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&ncy;&icy;&kcy;&acy;&mcy;&icy; (&ncy;&acy;&pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;, &yacy;&dcy;&rcy;&ocy; &ZeroWidthSpace;&ZeroWidthSpace;Linux &icy;&lcy;&icy; &scy;&acy;&mcy;  Git ) &chcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&icy;&scy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&yacy;&tcy; &scy;&lcy;&icy;&yacy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;, &icy;  <code>gitk</code>  &lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&shcy;&iecy; &scy;&pcy;&rcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &scy; &vcy;&icy;&zcy;&ucy;&acy;&lcy;&icy;&zcy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&iecy;&jcy; &icy;&khcy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&icy;. &Ncy;&acy;&pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;,</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>gitk --since=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;2 weeks ago&quot;</span> drivers/</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="fc087110f7728063c0896609a2fc13b77c23d8269b52ae0d7fe3186d1a0dbef6/ed" data-source="allows you to browse any commits from the last 2 weeks of commits that modified files under the &lt;code&gt;drivers&lt;/code&gt; directory. (Note: you can adjust gitk&amp;rsquo;s fonts by holding down the control key while pressing &amp;quot;-&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;+&amp;quot;.)" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&vcy;&ocy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;&rcy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &lcy;&yucy;&bcy;&ycy;&iecy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ycy; &zcy;&acy; &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; 2 &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy;, &vcy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&khcy; &bcy;&ycy;&lcy;&icy; &icy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&ycy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ycy; &vcy; &kcy;&acy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&ocy;&gcy;&iecy;  <code>drivers</code> . (&Pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&chcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;: &vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &ncy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &shcy;&rcy;&icy;&fcy;&tcy;&ycy; gitk, &ucy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&yacy; &kcy;&lcy;&acy;&vcy;&icy;&shcy;&ucy; &ucy;&pcy;&rcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &icy; &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy; &ncy;&acy;&zhcy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&yacy;  &quot;-&quot;  &icy;&lcy;&icy;  &quot;+&quot; .)</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="09d70889ee714a988231eb260f2f6f6f08fb3ecaf743110affb04cadbe434d0f/b4" data-source="Finally, most commands that take filenames will optionally allow you to precede any filename by a commit, to specify a particular version of the file:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ncy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&iecy;&tscy;, &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&shcy;&icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ocy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;, &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&khcy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&acy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &pcy;&rcy;&icy; &ncy;&iecy;&ocy;&bcy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&vcy;&ocy;&lcy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy; &vcy;&acy;&mcy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&vcy;&acy;&rcy;&yacy;&tcy;&softcy; &lcy;&yucy;&bcy;&ocy;&iecy; &icy;&mcy;&yacy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&acy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &ucy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&kcy;&rcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&yucy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&acy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git diff v2.<span class="hljs-number">5</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Makefile</span> <span class="hljs-variable constant_">HEAD</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Makefile</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword">in</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="d1f956775a156bc0db839eb8679e3ff4b2a184dc77cbc666d660a3138db64e3d/15" data-source="You can also use &lt;code&gt;git show&lt;/code&gt; to see any such file:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy;&ycy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy;  <code>git show</code> , &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &ucy;&vcy;&icy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy; &lcy;&yucy;&bcy;&ocy;&jcy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&jcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-ruby"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>git show v2.<span class="hljs-number">5</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Makefile</span></pre> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_next_steps"><span data-i18n="dd00d3d3e9f73d277737cfacfb788bc46a717458297644788de995b658ceb915/b3" data-source="Next steps" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Next steps</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="c7adccb41388da35248615c17f5f938ea3652fb4dc29d958fe993a7446b4bec9/09" data-source="This tutorial should be enough to perform basic distributed revision control for your projects. However, to fully understand the depth and power of Git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it is based:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&acy; &dcy;&ocy;&lcy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy; &bcy;&ycy;&tcy;&softcy; &dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&tcy;&ocy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &vcy;&ycy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &bcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&lcy;&yacy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&jcy; &vcy; &vcy;&acy;&shcy;&icy;&khcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;&khcy;. &Ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy;&yucy; &pcy;&ocy;&ncy;&yacy;&tcy;&softcy; &gcy;&lcy;&ucy;&bcy;&icy;&ncy;&ucy; &icy; &mcy;&ocy;&shchcy;&softcy;  Git , &vcy;&acy;&mcy; &ncy;&iecy;&ocy;&bcy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&ncy;&yacy;&tcy;&softcy; &dcy;&vcy;&iecy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&dcy;&iecy;&icy;, &ncy;&acy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&khcy; &ocy;&ncy; &ocy;&scy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;:</span></p> <div> <ul> <li> <p><span data-i18n="8b518e25a16e3e037ec41a4ae61c0c152f6c57d23bcce4a80c697c47818d08c7/06" data-source="The object database is the rather elegant system used to store the history of your project&amp;mdash;&amp;ZeroWidthSpace;files, directories, and commits." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Bcy;&acy;&zcy;&acy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &mdash; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &dcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy; &ecy;&lcy;&iecy;&gcy;&acy;&ncy;&tcy;&ncy;&acy;&yacy; &scy;&icy;&scy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy;&acy;, &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&iecy;&mcy;&acy;&yacy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&icy; &vcy;&acy;&shcy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy; &mdash; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &kcy;&acy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;&vcy; &icy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="3e3b7569fd4628b3a3f7177c50d01a130b143c9d1e04d0822b77bcdda33a0f7c/53" data-source="The index file is a cache of the state of a directory tree, used to create commits, check out working directories, and hold the various trees involved in a merge." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&ocy;&bcy;&ocy;&jcy; &kcy;&ecy;&shcy; &scy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&yacy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&vcy;&acy; &kcy;&acy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&iecy;&mcy;&ycy;&jcy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &scy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&kcy;&icy; &rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&chcy;&icy;&khcy; &kcy;&acy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;&vcy; &icy; &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&lcy;&icy;&chcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&vcy;&softcy;&iecy;&vcy;, &ucy;&chcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&khcy; &vcy; &scy;&lcy;&icy;&yacy;&ncy;&icy;&icy;.</span></p> </li> </ul> </div> <p><span data-i18n="11412b6c79bf8823d4dbdbb11bf05400c23984c82b335b2afc04d8ca8bab0b42/98" data-source="Part two of this tutorial explains the object database, the index file, and a few other odds and ends that you&amp;rsquo;ll need to make the most of Git. You can find it at &lt;a href=&quot;gittutorial-2&quot;&gt;gittutorial-2[7]&lt;/a&gt;." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy;&ocy; &vcy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&jcy; &chcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&acy; &ocy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ncy;&acy;&yacy; &bcy;&acy;&zcy;&acy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy;, &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy; &icy; &ncy;&iecy;&kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&iecy; &dcy;&rcy;&ucy;&gcy;&icy;&iecy; &mcy;&iecy;&lcy;&ocy;&chcy;&icy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&iecy; &vcy;&acy;&mcy; &pcy;&ocy;&ncy;&acy;&dcy;&ocy;&bcy;&yacy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &mcy;&acy;&kcy;&scy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy; &ecy;&fcy;&fcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&icy;&vcy;&ncy;&ocy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; Git. &Vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &ncy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&icy; &iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy; &acy;&dcy;&rcy;&iecy;&scy;&ucy;  <a href="gittutorial-2.html">gittutorial-2[7]</a> .</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="0a2739e44b2e642cbe7c7a504c22ebe7ed3a47e643dc1f00d1d698ad2fecc32b/51" data-source="If you don&amp;rsquo;t want to continue with that right away, a few other digressions that may be interesting at this point are:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &vcy;&ycy; &ncy;&iecy; &khcy;&ocy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &scy;&rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ucy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&dcy;&ocy;&lcy;&zhcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ucy; &tcy;&iecy;&mcy;&ucy;, &vcy;&ocy;&tcy; &ncy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &dcy;&rcy;&ucy;&gcy;&icy;&khcy; &ocy;&tcy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&jcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&iecy; &mcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ucy;&tcy; &bcy;&ycy;&tcy;&softcy; &icy;&ncy;&tcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&scy;&ncy;&ycy; &ncy;&acy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &ecy;&tcy;&acy;&pcy;&iecy;:</span></p> <div> <ul> <li> <p><span data-i18n="a3c25a91cb2ac45614c6381a747c14ba1ca91ca822e3aa802b0437d36e0e5c8f/90" data-source="&lt;a href=&quot;git-format-patch&quot;&gt;git-format-patch[1]&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;git-am&quot;&gt;git-am[1]&lt;/a&gt;: These convert series of git commits into emailed patches, and vice versa, useful for projects such as the Linux kernel which rely heavily on emailed patches." onmousemove="i18n(this)"><a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch[1]</a> ,  <a href="git-am.html">git-am[1]</a> : &ocy;&ncy;&icy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ucy;&yucy;&tcy; &scy;&iecy;&rcy;&icy;&icy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;  git  &vcy; &pcy;&acy;&tcy;&chcy;&icy;, &ocy;&tcy;&pcy;&rcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&mcy;&ycy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy; &ecy;&lcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &pcy;&ocy;&chcy;&tcy;&iecy;, &icy; &ncy;&acy;&ocy;&bcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&tcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&iecy;&zcy;&ncy;&ocy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&icy;&khcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &yacy;&dcy;&rcy;&ocy; &ZeroWidthSpace;&ZeroWidthSpace;&ZeroWidthSpace;&ZeroWidthSpace;Linux, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&iecy; &vcy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &scy;&tcy;&iecy;&pcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&acy;&gcy;&acy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &ncy;&acy; &pcy;&acy;&tcy;&chcy;&icy;, &ocy;&tcy;&pcy;&rcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&mcy;&ycy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy; &ecy;&lcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &pcy;&ocy;&chcy;&tcy;&iecy;.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="0fcd6bf378e7e4580cfbe894682367017962f39d9c4fae58180b5bb812c536be/5a" data-source="&lt;a href=&quot;git-bisect&quot;&gt;git-bisect[1]&lt;/a&gt;: When there is a regression in your project, one way to track down the bug is by searching through the history to find the exact commit that&amp;rsquo;s to blame. &lt;code&gt;git bisect&lt;/code&gt; can help you perform a binary search for that commit. It is smart enough to perform a close-to-optimal search even in the case of complex non-linear history with lots of merged branches." onmousemove="i18n(this)"><a href="git-bisect.html">git-bisect[1]</a> : &IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &vcy; &vcy;&acy;&shcy;&iecy;&mcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&iecy; &ncy;&acy;&bcy;&lcy;&yucy;&dcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &rcy;&iecy;&gcy;&rcy;&iecy;&scy;&scy;&icy;&yacy;, &ocy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy; &icy;&zcy; &scy;&pcy;&ocy;&scy;&ocy;&bcy;&ocy;&vcy; &ocy;&tcy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &ocy;&shcy;&icy;&bcy;&kcy;&ucy; &mdash; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&mcy;&ocy;&tcy;&rcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yucy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &ncy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&icy; &tcy;&ocy;&chcy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&jcy; &vcy;&icy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;.  <code>git bisect</code>  &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ocy;&chcy;&softcy; &vcy;&acy;&mcy; &vcy;&ycy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &dcy;&vcy;&ocy;&icy;&chcy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &pcy;&ocy;&icy;&scy;&kcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&mcy;&icy;&tcy;&acy;. &Ocy;&ncy; &dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&tcy;&ocy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy; &ucy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &vcy;&ycy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&yacy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&ocy;&icy;&scy;&kcy;, &bcy;&lcy;&icy;&zcy;&kcy;&icy;&jcy; &kcy; &ocy;&pcy;&tcy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy;, &dcy;&acy;&zhcy;&iecy; &vcy; &scy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&acy;&iecy; &scy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &ncy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy;&ncy;&iecy;&jcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&icy; &scy; &mcy;&ncy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ocy;&mcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&jcy;.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="5ec79ccac52852c74b1db0136a8e163f16ef4b345cce0cc6aafbddcd72d01a3f/2e" data-source="&lt;a href=&quot;gitworkflows&quot;&gt;gitworkflows[7]&lt;/a&gt;: Gives an overview of recommended workflows." onmousemove="i18n(this)"><a href="gitworkflows.html">gitworkflows[7]</a> : &Dcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &ocy;&bcy;&zcy;&ocy;&rcy; &rcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&dcy;&ucy;&iecy;&mcy;&ycy;&khcy; &rcy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&chcy;&icy;&khcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&tscy;&iecy;&scy;&scy;&ocy;&vcy;.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="2a9fc1f88265dde6f07dd9cb989c7e337759c040edc60ea074a179585cb5a764/01" data-source="&lt;a href=&quot;giteveryday&quot;&gt;giteveryday[7]&lt;/a&gt;: Everyday Git with 20 Commands Or So." onmousemove="i18n(this)"><a href="giteveryday.html">giteveryday[7]</a> :  Git  &ncy;&acy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ycy;&jcy; &dcy;&iecy;&ncy;&softcy; &scy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ncy;&ocy; 20 &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&acy;&mcy;&icy;.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="07e164b3e81f32846335df27751b1ab59138030c4fdf9f9e6c6fb2a73e6f3849/0d" data-source="&lt;a href=&quot;gitcvs-migration&quot;&gt;gitcvs-migration[7]&lt;/a&gt;: Git for CVS users." onmousemove="i18n(this)"><a href="gitcvs-migration.html">gitcvs-migration[7]</a> :  Git  &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&iecy;&jcy; CVS.</span></p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_see_also"><span data-i18n="2fa97693b70fa87b95b2d1bdf9558e4ac65d5e82d145f13a03849c4d9c4957a9/40" data-source="See also" onmousemove="i18n(this)">See also</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="c4823b1ae50ce77fde9e80a558dbf544fc803be617ab6fc95506e32376ca39eb/fe" data-source="&lt;a href=&quot;gittutorial-2&quot;&gt;gittutorial-2[7]&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;gitcvs-migration&quot;&gt;gitcvs-migration[7]&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;gitcore-tutorial&quot;&gt;gitcore-tutorial[7]&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;gitglossary&quot;&gt;gitglossary[7]&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;git-help&quot;&gt;git-help[1]&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;gitworkflows&quot;&gt;gitworkflows[7]&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;giteveryday&quot;&gt;giteveryday[7]&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;user-manual&quot;&gt;The Git User&amp;rsquo;s Manual&lt;/a&gt;" onmousemove="i18n(this)"><a href="gittutorial-2.html">gittutorial-2[7]</a> ,  <a href="gitcvs-migration.html">gitcvs-migration[7]</a> ,  <a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial[7]</a> ,  <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary[7]</a> ,  <a href="git-help.html">git-help[1]</a> ,  <a href="gitworkflows.html">gitworkflows[7]</a> ,  <a href="giteveryday.html">giteveryday[7]</a> ,  <a href="user-manual.html">The Git User&rsquo;s Manual</a></span></p> </div><address>
<p>
    &copy; 2012&ndash;2024 Scott Chacon and others<br/>Licensed under the MIT License.<br/>
<a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/gittutorial">https://git-scm.com/docs/gittutorial</a>
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